Last Updated July 2025

Validation of a Deep Learning-Based Automated Workflow for the Interpretation of the Echocardiogram

  1. Tromp, J., Bauer, D., Claggett, B. L., Frost, M., Iversen, M. B., Prasad, N., Petrie, M. C., Larson, M. G.,Ezekowitz, J. A., & Solomon, S. D. (2022). A formal validation of a deep learning-based automated workflow for the interpretation of the echocardiogram. Nature Communications, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34245-1

Automated Interpretation of Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction on the Echocardiogram: A multicohort study

  1. Tromp, J., Seekings, P. J., Hung, C.-L., Iversen, M. B., Frost, M. J., Ouwerkerk, W., Jiang, Z., Eisenhaber, F., Goh, R. S. M., Zhao, H., Huang, W., Ling, L.-H., Sim, D., Cozzone, P., Richards, A. M., Lee, H. K., Solomon, S. D., Lam, C. S. P., & Ezekowitz, J. A. (2021). Automated interpretation of systolic and diastolic function on the echocardiogram: a multicohort study. The Lancet Digital Health, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00235-1

Strain

  1. Balinisteanu, A., Duchenne, J.,  Puvrez, A., Wouters, L., Bézy, S., Youssef, A., Minten, L., Bekhuis, Y., van Langenhoven, L.,  Papangelopoulou, K., Cieplucha, A., Cattapan, I., Tostes, P., Bogaert, J., Vinereanu, D., Thomas, J. D., Badano, L., & Voigt, J.-U. (2025). Vendor Differences in 2D-Speckle Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain: An Update on a Ten-Year Standardization Effort. European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeaf155
  2. Myhre, P. L., Hung, C., Frost, M., Jiang, Z., Ouwerkerk, W., Teramoto, K., Svedlund, S., Saraste, A.,  Hage, C., Tan, R., Beussink‐Nelson, L., Fermér, M. L., Gan, L., Hummel, Y. M., Lund, L. H., Shah, S. J., Lam, C. S.P. & Tromp, J. (2023). External validation of a deep learning algorithm for automated echocardiographic strain measurements. European Heart Journal. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjdh/ztad072

Valvular Disease – Aortic Stenosis

  1. Dohse, C. A., Kansal, M. M., Twing, A., Frost, M., Equilbec, C., Hill, M. C., Carolina, M., Slostad B., Carter, A., Smith, D., Tiu, D., Lam, C. S. P., Ezekowitz, J. A., Pellikka, P. A., Behan, S., & Krishna, H. (2024). Application of Machine Learning Technology to Automate Proximal Aorta Dimension by Echocardiography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 83(13), 1550–1550. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(24)03540-x
  2. Arnold, J. H., Desai, K. V., Slostad, B., Bhayani, S., Ouwerkerk, W., Hummel, Y. M., Lam C. S.P., Ezekowitz, J. A., Frost, M., Jiang, Z., Equilbec, C., Twing, A., Pellikka, P. A., Frazin, L. J., Kansal, M. M., & Krishna, H. (2024). Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Classification of Aortic Stenosis Severity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 83(13), 2450–2450. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(24)04440-1
  3. Tsourdinis, G. E., Xia, E., Hussain, K., Sanagala, T., & Karagodin, I. (2024). Machine Learning Based Assessment of Aortic Valve Parameters on Transthoracic Echocardiography and Comparison to Previous Literature. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 83(13), 1570–1570. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(24)03560-5
  4. Venema, C. S., Bergeijk, V., Plekkenpol, L. H., Tromp, J., W Ouwerkerk, Hummel, Y. M., Krikken, J. A., Der, V., Den, V., Douglas, Y. L., E Lipsic, Voors, A. A., & Wykrzykowska, J. J. (2024). Discordance between symptomatic response and changes in cardiac structure and function one year after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. European Heart Journal, 45(Supplement_1). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.2464
  5. Krishna, H., Desai, K., Slostad, B., Bhayani, S., Arnold, J. H., Ouwerkerk, W., Hummel, Y., Lam, C. S. P., Ezekowitz, J., Frost, M., Jiang, Z., Equilbec, C., Twing, A., Pellikka, P. A., Frazin, L., & Kansal, M. (2023). Fully Automated Artificial Intelligence Assessment of Aortic Stenosis by Echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography: Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography, 36(7), 769–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2023.03.008

Valvular Disease – Mitral Regurgitation